Comment on "Origin of Giant Optical Nonlinearity in Charge-Transfer--Mott Insulators: A New Paradigm for Nonlinear Optics"

Comment on Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2086 (2001)Comment: 1 page, 1 eps figur

Relaxation Dynamics of Photocarriers in One-Dimensional Mott Insulators Coupled to Phonons

We examine recombination processes of photocarriers in one-dimensional Mott insulators coupled to phonons. Performing density matrix renormalization group calculations, we find that, even for small electron-phonon coupling, many phonons are generated dynamically, which cause initial relaxation process after the irradiation. At the same time, spin-charge coupling coming from mixing of high- and low-energy states by the irradiation is suppressed. We discuss differences between Mott and band insulators in terms of relaxation dynamics.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Kummiluokkatoiminnan arviointi

Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli kuvata ja arvioida kummiluokkatoimintaa ja sen vaikutuksia sairaanhoitajaopiskelijan/terveydenhoitajaopiskelijan opintoihin sekä työelämään pääsemiseen ja sopeutumiseen. Tämä opinnäytetyö toteutettiin empiirisenä tutkimuksena. Kummiluokkatoimintaa arvioitiin kyselyn avulla. Kysely tehtiin sähköisenä Webropol-kyselynä. Kysely lähetettiin sähköpostitse 55 hoitoalan opiskelijalle, jotka olivat olleet mukana kummiluokkatoiminnassa. Kyselyyn vastasi yhdeksän opiskelijaa, vastausprosentti oli 16,36 %. Kysely sisälsi sekä avoimia kysymyksiä että monivalintakysymyksiä. Vastausten analysointiin käytettiin sisällönanalyysiä sekä tilastointia. Kyselyn tulokseksi saatiin, että opiskelijat eivät pääosin olleet tyytyväisiä kummiluokkatoimintaan sellaisena kuin se oli toteutunut. Kummiluokkatapaamisia oli ollut liian vähän, eikä niillä ollut vaikutusta työn saantiin. Kuitenkin se toiminta, mitä opiskelijoille oli tarjottu, oli mieleistä. Muutaman opiskelijan mielestä toiminta oli lisännyt halua työskennellä Varsinais-Suomen sairaanhoitopiirissä ja yhden mielestä se oli tehnyt työnhausta helpompaa. Myös vierailukäynnit ja esitykset olivat olleet kiinnostavia, niitä olisi vain pitänyt olla enemmän. Tämän opinnäytetyön tuomaa tietoa voidaan käyttää kummiluokkatoiminnan kehittämiseen, jotta hoitoalan opiskelijat saadaan yhä enemmän sitoutumaan ja kiinnostumaan tulevasta ammatistaan. Saadut tulokset antavat myös lisää syitä kummiluokkatoiminnan jatkamiselle. Jatkotutkimuksina voisi selvittää, miten kummiluokkatoiminta vaikuttaa Turun Yliopistolliseen sairaalaan ja VSSHP:in, eli hyötyykö toiminnasta opiskelijoiden lisäksi myös organisaatio.The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the godparent activities and its effects on nursing studies, as well as to work to reach and adjust. This thesis has been implemented by empirical research. Godparent activity was assessed using an inquiry. The inquiry was conducted by Webropol survey. The inquiry was sent by e-mail of 55 nursing students, who had been involved in godparent activities. Nine students responded to the inquiry, the response rate was 16.36%. The inquiry contained both open questions and multiple choice questions. Content analysis and statistics were used for the analysis of the responses. The inquiry led to the result that students are not generally been satisfied with the godparent activities as it had been. Godparent meetings were only few, nor did they have the effect of employment. However, it is low, what activities were offered to students was worthwhile. A few view, the activities had added desire to work in Hospital District of Southwest Finland, and one thought it was done work search easier. Also, visits and information lectures were interesting; they would only have been more. This thesis can be used to develop the godparent activities, to get nursing students to increasingly commit to and interested in their future profession. The information obtained will also provide more reasons to continuation of godparent activities. Possible further studies could figure out how godparent activities affect the Turku University Hospital and in Hospital District of Southwest Finland, to benefit for the students, but also the organization

Anomalous Hall Effect and Magnetic Monopoles in Momentum-Space

Efforts to find the magnetic monopole in real space have been made in cosmic rays and in accelerators, but up to now there is no firm evidence for its existence due to the very heavy mass $\sim 10^{16}$GeV. However, we show that the magnetic monopole can appear in the crystal-momentum space of solids in the accessible low energy region ($\sim0.1-1$eV) in the context of the anomalous Hall effect. We report experimental results together with first-principles calculations on the ferromagnetic crystal SrRuO$_3$ that provide evidence for the magnetic monopole in the crystal-momentum space.Comment: 4 figures, the supporting-online-materails are include

Relativistic Equation of State of Nuclear Matter for Supernova and Neutron Star

We construct the equation of state (EOS) of nuclear matter using the relativistic mean field (RMF) theory in the wide density, temperature range with various proton fractions for the use of supernova simulation and the neutron star calculations. We first construct the EOS of homogeneous nuclear matter. We use then the Thomas-Fermi approximation to describe inhomogeneous matter, where heavy nuclei are formed together with free nucleon gas. We discuss the results on free energy, pressure and entropy in the wide range of astrophysical interest. As an example, we apply the resulting EOS on the neutron star properties by using the Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation.Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX, 14 ps-figures, accepted for publication in Nucl.Phys.

Multimedia based E-learning tools for dynamic modeling of dc-dc converters

Author name used in this publication: C. K. TseRefereed conference paper2005-2006 > Academic research: refereed > Refereed conference paperVersion of RecordPublishe

Willingness to pay for municipality hospital services in rural Japan: a contingent valuation study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Japanese healthcare system has undergone reforms to address the struggles that municipality hospitals face. Reform guidelines clearly define criteria for administrative improvement. However, criteria to evaluate the demand for healthcare provisions in rural Japan, including the needs of rural residents for municipality hospitals in particular have not been specified. The purpose of this paper is to measure residents' willingness to pay (WTP) for municipality hospital services using the contingent valuation method, and to evaluate municipality hospital valuation on the basis of WTP. K town, located in the Hokkaido prefecture of Japan, was selected as the location for this study. Participants were recruited by a town hall healthcare administrator, hospital and clinic staff, and a local dentist. Participants were asked what amount they would be willing to pay as taxes to continue accessing the services of the municipality hospital for one year by using open-ended questions in face-to-face interviews.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>Forty-eight residents were initially recruited, and 40 participants were selected for the study (response rate 83%). As compared to K town's population, this data slanted toward the elderly, although there was no significant difference in frequency among the characteristics. The median WTP was estimated at 39,484 yen ($438.71), with a 95$308.95-615.96). Logistic regression revealed no significant factors affecting WTP.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>If the total amount of residents' WTP for the municipality hospital were to be estimated by this result, it would calculate with 129,586,000 yen ($1,439,844). This is approximately equal to the amount of money to be transferred from the general account of the government of K town, more than one-half of the town tax of K town, and about two-fold in comparison to Japan as a whole. This showed that K town's residents placed a high valuation on the municipality hospital, which nearly equalled the amount that the K town government provided to the municipality hospital to cover its annual deficit. K town residents had come to expect not only general clinical practice, but also emergency medical services and night practice provided by their own town's municipality hospital. WTP can be used as a measure of hospital evaluation because it reflects the importance of the hospital to the residents in its region.</p